ABSTRACT
@#Thrombosis is a term for a blood clot occurring inside a blood vessel. R. Virchow postulated that abnormalities in blood flow, hypercoagulability of the blood, and injury to the vessel wall are causally related to thrombus formation. Many of the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis aretrauma for 9.3- 18.8%, birth for 16-17.3%, surgery for 14.3-30.3%, infection disease for 9.7-15.9%, cancer for 3.5%, heart disease for 4.6% and 6.9-11.8% of deep vein thrombosis is an indistinct cause. Pain, swelling, warmth, edema and redness in the affected leg are common symptoms.The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the leg can be difficult with clinical findings and history being unreliable. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence has evidence based recommendations on the prevention and management of a wide range of health conditions. Here: incorporation of a clinical predication score, D-dimer, and venous duplex ultrasound. The D-dimer blood test measures degraded fibrinogen, which is raised in patients with a clot. However, it cannot confirm deep vein thrombosis, as D-dimer can be raised in other conditions including malignancy, infection, pregnancy, post-surgery, inflammation, trauma, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and renal impairment. There are two types venous ultrasound as the first line investigation for suspected deep vein thrombosis. The aim of treatment for deep vein thrombosis are: </br> • The prevention of a thrombus progress </br> • Decrease the risk of the pulmonary embolism </br> • The reduction of the thrombus expansion or resolution.</br> • The prevention of the post thrombotic symptoms</br> • Decrease the mortality of vein thrombosis</br> Guidelines from NICE and ACCP recommended direct oral anticoagulants as first line treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants include direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban, and a direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatron